NFL data, open to anyone.

Questions answered

• How does weather affect NFL games?Rain and wind take points off the board and snow does not. Wind is the single biggest factor: scoring falls from 44.4 points a game in calm air to 33.4 above 22 mph.
• Which NFL teams draft best?Over the 2005 to 2018 drafts, Green Bay, New Orleans, Baltimore and Seattle turned their picks into the most career value above what those slots normally return, and Cleveland and the Raiders the least. A first-round pick yields about 44 career AV on average and a seventh-rounder about 6, and the single biggest steal in the data is still Tom Brady at pick 199.
• Which NFL coach has the biggest coaching tree?Andy Reid has produced the most NFL head coaches since 1999: ten of his assistants went on to run a team, one more than Jon Gruden and Bill Belichick. Brian Billick’s tree runs deepest, with 21 second-generation head coaches, and Reid’s protégés have won the most games. Belichick’s nine branches have the worst record of any big tree, 189-282-2.
• Which NFL referees throw the most flags?Since 1999 the league has averaged 12.5 accepted penalties a game. Larry Nemmers’ crews threw the most, 13.7 a game over 134 games, and Alan Eck’s the fewest, 10.9. Among today’s referees Clete Blakeman, Adrian Hill and Brad Rogers run the busiest crews at 12.7 and Eck, John Hussey and Bill Vinovich the quietest. Flags fall on the home team 48.4% of the time, and the Raiders have been flagged more than anyone.
• How has the NFL changed since 1999?The NFL of 2025 passes only a little more than it did in 1999 (60% of plays against 58%) but far more efficiently: completions are up from 53% to 60% of attempts, expected points added per play has turned positive for the first time, turnovers have fallen from 3.8 a game to 2.3, and teams go for it on 23% of fourth downs, double the 1999 rate. Kickers make 86% of field goals instead of 78% and try three times as many from 50 yards. Home teams won 60% of games in 1999 and 54% in 2025.
• Which NFL franchise has been the best since 1999?The Patriots. New England is 293-147 in the regular season since 1999, a 66.6% win rate, with a 33-13 playoff record and six Super Bowl wins in ten appearances; no other franchise is above 62.4% (Pittsburgh) or has more than three titles (Kansas City). Andy Reid has won the most games of any head coach, 282, and Tom Brady the most of any quarterback, 251. The Browns are last at 148-291-1, a 33.8% win rate, with one playoff win.
• Which NFL play-caller runs the best offense?Andy Reid. Over eleven seasons calling Kansas City’s plays, 2016 to 2026, his offenses have averaged 0.113 expected points added per play, a 47.1% success rate and 26.6 points a game, with the most pass-heavy approach in the league at 6.5 points above the expected pass rate. Ken Dorsey’s two Buffalo seasons match him at 0.112, Ben Johnson is third at 0.098 and goes for it on 30% of fourth downs. Mike McCoy (-0.188 over two seasons) and Adam Gase (-0.105 over five) are the worst.
• Who are the best NFL players since 2010?Among quarterbacks with 1,500 dropbacks since 2010, Brock Purdy (0.261 expected points added per dropback) and Patrick Mahomes (0.250 over 5,330 dropbacks) lead, ahead of Peyton Manning, Drew Brees and Tom Brady. Derrick Henry has the most rushing yards, 13,319, and the best EPA per carry of any back with 2,000 carries; Rob Gronkowski (0.561 EPA per target) and Puka Nacua (0.529) are the most efficient receivers; Justin Tucker made 89.1% of 468 field goals.

The data

Each of these is a governed model, free to use and free to check: the sources are public, the joins are described on every page that draws on them, and the live report runs the same model the numbers came from.