How much does a home cost in America?
The typical home in the median state was worth 350,800 dollars in August 2026, from 833,300 in Hawaii and 764,200 in California down to 179,500 in West Virginia. Values have risen 23% in the median state since August 2021, most in Connecticut (40%), New Hampshire (36%) and New Jersey (35%), and have fallen in only one place, the District of Columbia (−10%). San Jose is the most expensive metro at 1.54 million dollars and McAllen, Texas the cheapest big one at 193,000; against local incomes, Los Angeles is the least affordable, 18.6 years of the median household’s income, and Pittsburgh the most, 4.3. Rent runs from 2,996 dollars a month in Hawaii to 1,167 in Iowa.
- $350,800typical home value in the median state in August 2026; Hawaii is $833,300 and West Virginia $179,500
- +23%rise in the median state’s typical value since August 2021; Connecticut +40%, the District of Columbia −10%
- $1.54Mtypical home in the San Jose metro, the most expensive in the country, 17.6 times the median income
- $2,996a month for the typical rental in Hawaii, two thirds of the median household’s income
Based on Zillow typical home values and rents for 3,071 counties, 970 metro and micro areas and the 50 states and DC, January 2000 to August 2026, against the median adjusted gross income of households filing from each area in 2023. Explore the live data.
What is the typical home worth in each state?
Hawaii’s typical home was worth 833,300 dollars in August 2026, California’s 764,200, Massachusetts’s 661,900, Washington’s 591,900 and New Jersey’s 580,400; the District of Columbia (570,100), Utah, Colorado, New York and New Hampshire complete the top ten. At the other end West Virginia is 179,500, Mississippi 197,600, Louisiana 217,000, Oklahoma 223,300 and Arkansas 227,300. The median state is 350,800. Set against the median household’s income, Hawaii costs 15.3 years and California 13.7; West Virginia 4.0 and Iowa 4.3.
| State | Aug 2021 | Aug 2026 | Change | Rent | Years of income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaii | $717,800 | $833,300 | +16% | $2,996 | 15.3 |
| California | $670,800 | $764,200 | +14% | $2,807 | 13.7 |
| Massachusetts | $528,300 | $661,900 | +25% | $2,671 | 10.5 |
| Washington | $532,900 | $591,900 | +11% | $2,023 | 9.0 |
| New Jersey | $428,600 | $580,400 | +35% | $2,520 | 9.7 |
| District of Columbia | $634,800 | $570,100 | −10% | $2,517 | 8.2 |
| New York | $406,700 | $526,700 | +30% | $2,888 | 10.0 |
| Florida | $312,100 | $375,500 | +20% | $2,134 | 8.3 |
| Texas | $269,400 | $299,400 | +11% | $1,559 | 6.3 |
| Ohio | $192,500 | $248,800 | +29% | $1,400 | 5.0 |
| Mississippi | $175,600 | $197,600 | +13% | $1,469 | 4.9 |
| West Virginia | $146,500 | $179,500 | +23% | $1,218 | 4.0 |
Texas, at 299,400 dollars, is now cheaper than the median state and has risen only 11% in five years; Florida, at 375,500, is above it. The report’s map colours every county by value, by change or by years of income for whichever two months you pick.
Where have home values risen and fallen most since 2021?
The Northeast and the Midwest rose most and the pandemic boom towns least. Connecticut’s typical value is up 40% since August 2021, New Hampshire’s 36%, New Jersey’s 35%, Rhode Island’s 34%, Wisconsin’s 31%, Kansas’s 30%, New York’s 30% and Ohio’s 29%. The District of Columbia is the only state-level fall, −10%, and Louisiana (+1%), Idaho (+6%), Colorado (+7%), Oregon (+8%) and Arizona (+9%) barely moved. Among metros of 500,000 or more, Syracuse (+47%), Knoxville (+40%) and Rochester (+40%) led, while Austin fell 13%, New Orleans 9% and Boise ended flat.
| Metro | Aug 2021 | Aug 2026 | Change | Rent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Syracuse, NY | $184,700 | $271,800 | +47% | $1,556 |
| Knoxville, TN | $258,100 | $361,700 | +40% | $1,720 |
| Rochester, NY | $205,700 | $287,500 | +40% | $1,530 |
| Fayetteville-Springdale, AR | $269,200 | $368,600 | +37% | $1,584 |
| Poughkeepsie-Newburgh, NY | $356,900 | $484,400 | +36% | $2,229 |
| Lancaster, PA | $288,900 | $387,900 | +34% | $1,566 |
| Charleston, SC | $366,000 | $486,800 | +33% | $2,036 |
| Lexington, KY | $245,900 | $326,500 | +33% | $1,529 |
| Denver | $536,500 | $556,600 | +4% | $1,945 |
| San Francisco-Oakland | $1,129,100 | $1,153,600 | +2% | $3,458 |
| Boise City, ID | $491,100 | $489,900 | −0.2% | $1,878 |
| New Orleans | $279,100 | $253,800 | −9% | $1,563 |
| Austin | $490,400 | $426,300 | −13% | $1,624 |
At county level the pattern is the same: Winnebago County, Illinois (Rockford) is up 55% and Onondaga County, New York (Syracuse) 50%, while Travis County, Texas is down 15%, Orleans Parish 12%, Williamson County, Texas 12% and Manhattan 11%. Only 20 of the 613 counties with 100,000 or more residents have fallen.
What are the most and least expensive metros?
San Jose, where the typical home was worth 1,538,900 dollars in August 2026, then San Francisco (1,153,600), Los Angeles (948,000), San Diego (930,800), Oxnard-Ventura (871,700), Honolulu (856,300), New York (779,800), Seattle (752,800), Boston (745,800) and Washington (605,700). Among metros with 500,000 or more residents the cheapest are McAllen, Texas (193,000), Toledo (197,300), Jackson, Mississippi (206,500), El Paso (234,200) and Scranton (235,600). The gap from San Jose to McAllen is eight to one.
| Metro | Aug 2026 | Change since 2021 | Rent | Years of income |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Jose | $1,538,900 | +17% | $3,788 | 17.6 |
| San Francisco-Oakland | $1,153,600 | +2% | $3,458 | 14.4 |
| Los Angeles | $948,000 | +20% | $2,918 | 18.6 |
| San Diego | $930,800 | +22% | $2,994 | 15.5 |
| Oxnard-Ventura | $871,700 | +16% | $2,954 | 14.7 |
| Urban Honolulu | $856,300 | +12% | $3,020 | 14.9 |
| New York | $779,800 | +16% | $3,224 | 14.0 |
| Seattle | $752,800 | +10% | $2,238 | 10.1 |
| Scranton, PA | $235,600 | +32% | $1,365 | 5.3 |
| El Paso, TX | $234,200 | +33% | $1,525 | 6.2 |
| Jackson, MS | $206,500 | +14% | $1,535 | 4.9 |
| Toledo, OH | $197,300 | +28% | $1,276 | 4.2 |
| McAllen, TX | $193,000 | +28% | $1,122 | 6.1 |
The cheapest places of all are outside any metro: the rural remainder of Illinois has a typical value of 138,800 dollars, of Mississippi 157,600 and of Kentucky 159,600. At county level San Mateo (1,581,400), Santa Clara (1,566,600), Marin (1,464,600) and San Francisco (1,424,500) are the only counties of 100,000 people above 1.4 million dollars; Manhattan, at 1,223,100, has fallen 11% in five years.
Where are homes least affordable against local incomes?
Southern California. The typical Los Angeles home is worth 18.6 times the median household’s adjusted gross income, San Jose 17.6, San Diego 15.5, Honolulu 14.9, Oxnard 14.7, San Francisco 14.4 and New York 14.0; Riverside-San Bernardino, the inland metro people leave Los Angeles for, is still 12.3. At the other end Pittsburgh is 4.3 years of income, Toledo 4.2, and the rural parts of Illinois 2.9. By state Hawaii is 15.3, California 13.7 and Massachusetts 10.5, against West Virginia 4.0, Iowa 4.3 and Kansas 4.9.
| Metro | Typical value | Median income | Years of income |
|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles | $948,000 | $51,100 | 18.6 |
| San Jose | $1,538,900 | $87,500 | 17.6 |
| San Diego | $930,800 | $60,100 | 15.5 |
| Urban Honolulu | $856,300 | $57,300 | 14.9 |
| Oxnard-Ventura | $871,700 | $59,300 | 14.7 |
| San Francisco-Oakland | $1,153,600 | $80,100 | 14.4 |
| New York | $779,800 | $55,600 | 14.0 |
| Riverside-San Bernardino | $578,400 | $47,200 | 12.3 |
| Jackson, MS | $206,500 | $42,400 | 4.9 |
| Pittsburgh | $234,000 | $54,500 | 4.3 |
| Toledo, OH | $197,300 | $47,000 | 4.2 |
The income is the median return, which includes single filers and retirees, so these ratios run higher than ones built on household survey income; the ranking is what matters. The income is also three years older than the home value, which flatters nowhere in particular. Switch the report’s map to “years of income” to see every county on this measure.
What does rent cost by state?
The typical rental in Hawaii was 2,996 dollars a month in August 2026, New York 2,888, California 2,807, Massachusetts 2,671, New Jersey 2,520 and the District of Columbia 2,517; Florida, at 2,134, is the most expensive state outside the Northeast and the Pacific. The cheapest are Iowa (1,167), North Dakota (1,188), South Dakota (1,311), West Virginia (1,218) and Oklahoma (1,325). A year of the typical rent takes 66% of the median household’s income in Hawaii and New York and 60% in California, against 24% in North Dakota and 25% in Iowa.
| State | Rent | Median income | Year’s rent as share of income |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaii | $2,996 | $54,500 | 66% |
| New York | $2,888 | $52,700 | 66% |
| California | $2,807 | $55,700 | 60% |
| Massachusetts | $2,671 | $63,300 | 51% |
| New Jersey | $2,520 | $59,600 | 51% |
| District of Columbia | $2,517 | $69,400 | 44% |
| Rhode Island | $2,240 | $52,800 | 51% |
| Florida | $2,134 | $45,400 | 56% |
| Texas | $1,559 | $47,500 | 39% |
| Oklahoma | $1,325 | $45,800 | 35% |
| West Virginia | $1,218 | $45,200 | 32% |
| North Dakota | $1,188 | $59,200 | 24% |
| Iowa | $1,167 | $55,600 | 25% |
Florida is the outlier: ordinary home values but New York rents against a median income of 45,400 dollars. Zillow publishes rents for roughly half of counties, the populous half, so a rural county in the report often shows a value but no rent.
How much have home values risen since 2000?
Three to four times over in the places that were already expensive. Hawaii’s typical home averaged 198,500 dollars across 2000 and 831,000 so far in 2026, 4.2 times; California 3.9 times (198,300 to 764,700), Idaho 3.8, Maine 3.7, New Hampshire and Rhode Island 3.6, the District of Columbia and Florida 3.4. The slowest were Louisiana (1.9 times, 113,700 to 216,400), Mississippi (2.1), Michigan and Illinois (2.2) and Ohio (2.3). Michigan is the state that fell furthest in the crash: its typical value averaged 97,700 in 2012 against 151,300 in 2006.
| State | 2000 | 2006 | 2012 | 2019 | 2026 | Multiple |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaii | $198,500 | $465,400 | $414,200 | $610,700 | $831,000 | 4.2× |
| California | $198,300 | $481,000 | $284,200 | $538,300 | $764,700 | 3.9× |
| Idaho | $126,900 | $194,000 | $152,200 | $281,600 | $477,800 | 3.8× |
| Maine | $112,200 | $207,700 | $178,100 | $238,300 | $414,700 | 3.7× |
| New Hampshire | $141,100 | $265,200 | $208,800 | $287,400 | $513,000 | 3.6× |
| Florida | $111,700 | $254,000 | $133,700 | $245,600 | $376,400 | 3.4× |
| Ohio | $108,700 | $133,300 | $111,500 | $153,700 | $247,200 | 2.3× |
| Michigan | $121,100 | $151,300 | $97,700 | $170,600 | $264,700 | 2.2× |
| Illinois | $134,100 | $210,900 | $145,400 | $198,000 | $294,000 | 2.2× |
| Mississippi | $93,300 | $122,500 | $117,500 | $147,100 | $197,200 | 2.1× |
| Louisiana | $113,700 | $158,300 | $161,800 | $193,000 | $216,400 | 1.9× |
Florida and Nevada show the boom and bust most clearly: Florida’s typical value more than doubled from 111,700 to 254,000 between 2000 and 2006, fell back to 133,700 by 2012 and only passed the 2006 peak in 2021; Nevada went from 338,400 in 2006 to 134,000 in 2012. Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota and Wyoming have no state series before 2002 to 2009.
What has happened to Miami-Dade home values?
The typical Miami-Dade home was worth 121,105 dollars in January 2000, 337,376 at the peak in February 2007, 156,471 at the bottom in September 2011 and 313,715 in August 2019. Then it went from 382,445 in August 2021 to 472,649 a year later, a 24% rise in twelve months, peaked at 539,947 in October 2024 and has drifted down to 521,012 in August 2026. Rent rose from 1,792 dollars a month in August 2019 to 2,837 in August 2026, 58%, while the median household’s income went from 28,600 to 34,900 dollars.
| Month | Typical value | Rent | Median income |
|---|---|---|---|
| January 2000 | $121,105 | – | – |
| February 2007 (peak) | $337,376 | – | – |
| September 2011 (trough) | $156,471 | – | – |
| August 2019 | $313,715 | $1,792 | $28,600 |
| August 2021 | $382,445 | $2,192 | $32,700 |
| August 2022 | $472,649 | $2,719 | $35,800 |
| August 2023 | $502,560 | $2,745 | $34,900 |
| October 2024 (peak) | $539,947 | $2,800 | – |
| August 2026 | $521,012 | $2,837 | – |
At 34,900 dollars, Miami-Dade’s median return is far below the national run of large counties, so the typical home costs about fifteen years of it. The report draws this history for any county: type a county name, or open one from the map.
How was this measured?
Home values and rents are the Zillow Home Value Index and Observed Rent Index, monthly from January 2000 (rents from 2015) to August 2026, for counties, metro and micro areas and states. The value index is Zillow’s smoothed estimate of the typical home in the middle third of the market, not a record of sales, and the rent index covers the roughly half of counties where Zillow has enough listings. State and metro rents are weighted by population.
Income is the median adjusted gross income of households filing from the area, estimated from the income brackets in the IRS county data for 2023, the latest year available, so every ratio on this page sets a 2026 value against a 2023 income. The IRS median is of returns, including single filers and retirees, and runs below household survey incomes. Changes are from August 2021 to August 2026 unless a caption says otherwise, and the state yearly table averages the twelve months of each year.
The data lives in a Power BI semantic model on Microsoft Fabric. Every number on this page was produced by an AI assistant running the report’s own queries against that model, and the same model powers the live public report.
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